“All civilizations have certain characteristics. These include: (1) large population centers; (2) monumental architecture and unique art styles; (3) shared communication strategies; (4) systems for administering territories; (5) a complex…

  Cyrus Cylinder The barrel-shaped cylinder records Cyrus’s conquest of the city in 539 BCE It is said to be the first declaration of human rights. Cooler/ refrigeration The yakhchal…

Chapar/ Postal System Chapar Khaneh, the postal service, created by Cyrus the Great, 6th century BCE and later developed by Darius the Great, as the royal method of communication throughout…